From: The Science of Metal Memory: How PDR Actually Works

Elastic vs. Plastic Deformation: Can Your Dent Be Fixed?

Learn the difference between elastic and plastic deformation and how it determines PDR success. Understand what makes some dents repairable and others not.

By DentAdvisor StaffJanuary 9, 2026

Key Takeaways

  • 1PDR preserves original factory paint, maintaining vehicle value better than traditional repair
  • 2Proper lighting is essential—PDR techs use specialized LED boards to see metal movement
  • 3PDR works for 80-90% of dents without paint damage, including door dings and hail damage
  • 4Technician certification and experience matter more than equipment for quality results
  • 5Most PDR repairs complete in 1-3 hours for minor damage, 1-2 days for extensive damage

Can your dent be fixed with PDR? The answer depends on how the metal bent. There are two types of bending: elastic and plastic. This guide explains both in simple terms.

How Metal Bends

Car body metal is not rigid. It bends when hit. But it bends in two different ways.

Elastic Deformation: Metal Bounces Back

Think of a spring. Push it down and it springs back. Metal does this too with light force. This is elastic deformation. The metal returns to its original shape on its own.

You see this when you press lightly on a car panel. It flexes in, then pops back out. No permanent change happens. The metal atoms stay in their normal positions.

Plastic Deformation: Metal Stays Bent

Hit the metal harder and something different happens. The metal bends and stays bent. This is plastic deformation. It creates permanent dents.

The metal atoms move to new positions. They do not spring back. This is what happens when a shopping cart hits your door or hail strikes your hood.

The Yield Point: Where Things Change

There is a line between elastic and plastic bending. We call it the yield point. Below this line, metal bounces back. Above it, metal stays bent.

Different metals have different yield points:

  • Regular steel: Easier to dent, easier to fix
  • High-strength steel: Harder to dent, needs more skill to fix
  • Aluminum: Dents easily but can be tricky to repair

Why This Matters for PDR

PDR works by pushing dented metal back to its original shape. The technician must work with both types of deformation.

Shallow dents are easier. The metal has less plastic deformation. It responds well to gentle pushing.

Deep dents are harder. The metal has more plastic deformation. The tech must work slowly, pushing in small amounts. Too much force can stretch the metal.

What Makes Dents Hard to Fix?

Several factors make PDR more difficult:

  • Sharp creases: Metal stretched at impact point
  • Large depth: More plastic deformation throughout
  • Stretched metal: Cannot return to original size
  • Body line damage: Complex shapes are harder to restore

Signs Your Dent Is a Good Candidate

Look for these signs that PDR will work well:

  • Round, smooth shape
  • No sharp creases
  • Paint is intact
  • Shallow depth relative to size
  • Access behind the panel is possible

The Bottom Line

Understanding elastic and plastic deformation helps you evaluate your dent. Shallow dents with gentle curves are ideal for PDR. Deep dents with sharp creases are more challenging.

A skilled PDR tech can assess your specific dent. They will tell you what results to expect before starting work.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is paintless dent repair (PDR)?
PDR removes dents without disturbing original paint by massaging metal back to original shape using specialized tools. Technicians work from behind panels using rods and picks, guided by specialized lighting. PDR preserves factory finish, costs less, and completes faster than conventional repair.
What dents can be repaired with PDR?
PDR works for: door dings, shopping cart dents, hail damage, minor collision damage, creases (depending on severity). Cannot repair: cracked/chipped paint, extremely sharp creases, stretched metal, very large dents (over 6-8 inches), or areas without backside access.
How long does PDR take?
Minor dents (1-3 dings): 30 minutes to 2 hours. Moderate damage (door/fender): 2-4 hours. Extensive damage (multiple panels): 1-2 days. Hail damage: 3-10 days depending on severity. Time varies with access difficulty and dent complexity.
Does PDR damage the paint?
No. Proper PDR works metal from behind without touching paint. Skilled technicians avoid paint stress by working metal gradually. PDR actually prevents paint damage from conventional methods (sanding, filler, repainting). Only improper technique risks paint—choose certified technicians.
What certifications should PDR technicians have?
Look for: I-CAR PDR training, manufacturer-specific certifications (for aluminum work), state licensing (if required), insurance company approvals, and verifiable experience years. Certification matters less than demonstrated skill and customer reviews.

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Sources & Further Reading

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